TIME IN 2020

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 Starting from the end of 2019, Nicolas Gisin's works [1-4] including a mathematical explanation of the fact that classical physics is not deterministic establish the concept that time is not an illusion. Yes, time goes by. There is a 'present ' and it is like a viscous liquid which is almost impossible to be cut into pieces. The theory that supports this view is interpreted as the most important developments in physics in 2020, after the studies of black holes and the creation of a material with superconductivity at ambient temperature (but at the pressure equal to that of the center of the supply) [5].

Gisin identifies the debate whether scientific theories limit human knowledge with the question of whether there are physical variables hidden by essence forever [3]. He says that real numbers are not physically real and they are the hidden variables of classical physics, and since the infinite number of digits of these numbers have the feature of randomness (See definition of real numbers), classical physics can be defined as indeterministic. The scientist stated that classical physics pushed the randomness of real numbers to the initial conditions (the Big Bang for the universe)  because all of these random digits were determined at the very beginning, and after the beginning,  events evolve according to cause and effect relationship. This relationship would not contradict any experimental empirical evidence but also is unsupported  by any empirical evidence. Thus, if we explain the events not by the real numbers of classical mathematics, which Hilbert advocated, but by the intuitionistic mathematics that Brouwer defended [4], the randomness extends from the initial conditions to all the events  because in intuitionistic mathematics, the digits of  particular real numbers are not determined at once, but in a process that they develop over time. Then classical physics  becomes indeterministic. In other words; in a classical interpretation, we can link, in the 'present',  the occurrence of certain things, and non-occurrence of  other things,  to the conditions of the past. Then it is also clear what will happen in the future. However, it is possible to say that the ‘present’ is the result of an indeterminisitc reality, and the future is open-ended, with a system established by intuitive mathematics. "According to our experience, classical physics is not essentially deterministic and the second approach is superior" [1].

What Gisin calls "our experiences" is actually the "arrow of time". When the sign of the independent variable, 'time'   in some governing equations, for example  the Euler equation, is changed,   the transition occurs from disorder to order, albeit the equation remains the same. This change cannot be explained by determinism in classical physics. It cannot be understood by deterministic physics that the initial conditions change and a new order is created in the reversed time. Therefore, in deterministic classical physics, the absence of an arrow of time is explained as the Second Law of Thermodynamics is actually about probabilities and statistically, disorder increases. Here is the importance of statistical models in turbulent flow. The fluctuations of velocities are random, in contrast to the   Navier-Stokes equations which are deterministic, although not reversible. This randomness not only reveals new initial conditions, but also carries 'memories' from the initial conditions of the mean flow [6].



Figure: Schematic of various stages of grid turbulence development [6]


The change of the initial conditions over time is a jump, in the fluctuations  that develop far from equilibrium, according to  Ilya Prigogine's theory of dissipative structures [7]. In this case, the random number generation  values that have developed over time will also change. Perhaps, the method in the intuitive mathematics proposed by Gisin proposed will be invalid.

While randomness  develops over time, in an intrinsically indeterministic nature, i-) always a new change  with a new initial condition, and ii-) sometimes traces from the very beginning, iii-) a new world, if the fluctuation  is far from the equilibrium, is possible.

2020 could be the beginning to see this possibility.

 

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